Konjunktiv I (презентные формы и косвенная речь)

Образование презентных форм конъюнктива (Konjunktiv I)

Konjunktiv I — это особое наклонение, выражающее отношение говорящего к действию как к гипотетическому, желаемому или передаваемому от другого лица (косвенная речь), а также используется в инструкциях, научном стиле, допущениях и лозунгах

Презентные формы Konjunktiv I включают:

• Präsens Konjunktiv I
• Perfekt Konjunktiv I
• Futurum Konjunktiv I

Образование множественного числа существительных

Множественное число существительных образуется при помощи суффиксов -e, -(e)n, -er, -s. Во многих случаях корневой гласный получает умлаут.

Склонение существительных

Склонением называется изменение существительного по падежам.

В немецком языке четыре падежа:

Manchester – The Innovative and Cultural Powerhouse of Northern England

Manchester is one of the most energetic and diverse cities in the United Kingdom, located in the North West of England. Founded as a Roman settlement, Manchester grew rapidly during the Industrial Revolution and became known as the world’s first industrial city. Its impressive red-brick factories, historic canals, and beautiful Victorian buildings tell the story of its industrial past.

Today, Manchester is a modern city known for innovation, creativity, and a warm, welcoming atmosphere. The city has two world-famous football clubs, Manchester United and Manchester City. Every match day, fans from all over the world come to watch the games and visit stadiums like Old Trafford ... Читать дальше »

Liverpool – The Musical and Maritime City of Surprises

Liverpool is a lively, creative city in the north-west of England, most famous as the birthplace of the legendary band The Beatles. Located on the River Mersey, it was once one of the world’s busiest ports and played a very important role in British history as a centre of trade, immigration, and seafaring. Today, Liverpool is celebrated for its remarkable music scene, impressive architecture, sporting traditions, and warm, friendly people.

The city’s waterfront is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with the iconic “Three Graces”: the Royal Liver Building, the Cunard Building, and the Port of Liverpool Building. These spectacular buildings with their unique designs are symbols of ... Читать дальше »

Cambridge – The Historic City of Discovery and Innovation

Cambridge is a picturesque city in the east of England, world-famous for its prestigious university, stunning architecture, and beautiful green spaces. The University of Cambridge was founded in 1209, making it one of the oldest and most respected universities in the world. The city’s elegant colleges, graceful bridges, and peaceful gardens create a magical atmosphere that inspires students and visitors alike.

Walking along the River Cam, you can admire the historic colleges with their grand courtyards, climbing roses, and impressive chapels. King’s College Chapel, with its magnificent Gothic architecture and bright stained glass windows, is one of the city’s most photographed ... Читать дальше »

Oxford – The Timeless City of Learning and Tradition

Oxford is one of the most famous university cities in the world. Located in the south of England, it is known for its beautiful, historic colleges and its long tradition of education and research. The University of Oxford was founded over 900 years ago, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world. Its ancient stone buildings, green quads, and impressive libraries have inspired generations of leaders, scientists, and writers.

Walking through Oxford’s charming streets, visitors are surrounded by impressive architecture, from the grand Radcliffe Camera to the delicate spires of churches like St Mary’s. The city is often called the “City of Dreaming Spires.” Many ... Читать дальше »

Los Angeles – The Vibrant City of Dreams and Diversity

Los Angeles, often called “LA,” is the second largest city in the United States and one of the most dynamic and diverse cities in the world. It is located on the Pacific coast in southern California and is famous for its sunny weather, beautiful beaches, and the glamorous world of Hollywood. With a population of nearly 4 million people and many different cultures and languages, LA is truly a melting pot.

The city is widely recognized as the heart of the entertainment industry. Hollywood is home to major studios and the world-famous Walk of Fame, where you can see the names of legendary actors, musicians, and filmmakers on the sidewalks. Every year, the prestigious Academy Awards (the Os ... Читать дальше »

Boston – The Historic and Intellectual Heart of New England

Boston is one of the oldest and most fascinating cities in the United States. Founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers searching for religious freedom, Boston quickly developed into a vibrant port and a center of commerce and intellectual life in New England. It is often called “the Cradle of Liberty,” because the spirit of American independence was born here.

The city’s rich history is visible everywhere. The famous Freedom Trail—a four-kilometer brick path—guides visitors through sixteen of Boston’s most important historic sites, including Boston Common, the oldest public park in the US, established in 1634. Along the trail, you can see the Old State House, the ... Читать дальше »

New York City – The Vibrant Metropolis That Never Sleeps

New York City, often called “the Big Apple,” is the most populous and cosmopolitan city in the United States. It is famous all over the world for its iconic skyline filled with impressive skyscrapers, including the shimmering Empire State Building and modern One World Trade Center. New York is situated on the East Coast, where the Hudson River meets the Atlantic Ocean, and consists of five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island. With more than 8 million energetic residents, the city is a melting pot of cultures, languages, and traditions.

New York is a leading center for finance, fashion, publishing, arts, and theatre. Times Square, with its dazzling light ... Читать дальше »

Moscow – The Majestic, Diverse, and Ever-Changing Heart of Russia

Moscow is the impressive and sprawling capital city of Russia, a place where centuries-old history and vibrant modern life meet every day. Founded in 1147, Moscow has grown into one of the largest cities in Europe, with a dynamic population of over 13 million people. It stands proudly on the banks of the Moskva River, blending ancient monuments with futuristic skyscrapers in a unique and harmonious way.

The historic center is dominated by the magnificent Kremlin, a fortress with glittering towers and ancient red walls. Inside, you can find grand cathedrals, graceful palaces, and precious treasures of Russian history. Next to the Kremlin, Red Square shines with the multi-coloured domes of ... Читать дальше »

Edinburgh – The Mysterious and Majestic Capital of Scotland

Edinburgh is the ancient, mysterious, and highly picturesque capital of Scotland. The city stands on volcanic hills near the North Sea. With a fascinating history going back to the 7th century, Edinburgh became the official capital of Scotland in the 13th century. Today, it is famous for its outstanding architecture, impressive festivals, and many legends. The Old Town and New Town of Edinburgh are both UNESCO World Heritage Sites, full of charm and unique character.

Rising high above the city is Edinburgh Castle, one of the most important monuments in Great Britain. It sits on top of an extinct volcano. The oldest part of the castle is St Margaret’s Chapel, dating back to the 12th centu ... Читать дальше »

London – The Vibrant Heart of the United Kingdom

London is the spectacular capital of the United Kingdom and one of the most exciting cities in the world. It is famous for its rich history, impressive architecture, and multicultural lifestyle. The city stretches along the River Thames and is home to nearly nine million people from many different countries and backgrounds. London is a dynamic and lively city where tradition meets innovation every day.

Visitors from all over the globe come to see London’s iconic sights. The majestic Tower of London, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been a royal palace, prison, and treasury. Just a short walk away, you can find the beautiful Tower Bridge, which often appears in films and postcards. Buckingham Palac ... Читать дальше »

Saint Petersburg – The Cultural Capital of Russia

Saint Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and is often called the cultural capital of the country. It was founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and served as the capital of Russia for over two centuries. The city is located on the Neva River, near the Baltic Sea, and has a population of over 5 million people. Saint Petersburg is famous for its beautiful architecture, wide canals, and historic palaces.

One of the most famous landmarks is the Hermitage Museum, which is one of the largest and oldest art museums in the world. It contains millions of works of art, including paintings, sculptures, and ancient artifacts. The city is also known for the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood with its col ... Читать дальше »

Moscow – A City of History and Modern Life

Moscow is the capital and the largest city in Russia. It is one of the most famous cities in the world. Moscow has a long history, which began more than 870 years ago. The city stands on the Moskva River and is home to more than 13 million people. Moscow is an important political, economic, and cultural center. The Kremlin, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is in the heart of Moscow. The Russian President works there. Next to the Kremlin is Red Square, where you can see Saint Basil’s Cathedral with its colourful domes. This cathedral is an international symbol of Russia.

Moscow has a very efficient metro system, which is known for its beautiful stations decorated with mosaics, marble, and sculptures ... Читать дальше »

My Most Unforgettable Day / Мой незабываемый день

My name is Lena. One of the most unforgettable days in my life was last year, when I celebrated my birthday with my friends in nature. We planned a picnic by the lake, not far from the city. In the morning, my best friend picked me up by car, and we bought food and drinks along the way. The weather was perfect: sunny and warm, with a gentle wind. At the lake, we found a quiet place with green grass and trees. We played games, listened to music, and took many photos together. My friends prepared a surprise: they made a big cake and wrote “Happy Birthday, Lena!” on it. We laughed and told funny stories. In the evening, we built a small fire and sang songs as the sun was settin ... Читать дальше »

Healthy Lifestyle / Здоровый образ жизни

My name is Andrey, and I try to live a healthy lifestyle. For me, this means taking care of my body and mind every day. I start my morning with a glass of water and some light exercise. I usually go jogging three times a week or ride my bicycle in the park near my home. At work, I take short breaks to stretch my legs and relax my eyes. I believe good health is not only about sport, but also about what we eat. That’s why I cook fresh food at home and try to eat enough vegetables, fruit, fish and nuts. I avoid too much fast food or sugary drinks. I also try to sleep seven or eight hours every night. At weekends, I rest, meet friends, and spend time outside. In my opinion, it is important to balance work, rest, and hobbies. Livi ... Читать дальше »

Challenges of Moving to a New City / Переезд в новый город: трудности и опыт

My name is Dmitry, and two years ago, I moved to a new city for work. It was a big decision because I had lived in my hometown all my life. The first few months were difficult. I did not know anyone in the new city, and I missed my friends and family. It was also challenging to learn how everything worked, such as public transport, local shops, and finding a doctor. Over time, I began to explore the city and discovered interesting places—museums, parks, and cafes. At work, I tried to talk to colleagues and join group activities. Making new friends took time, but now I have a close group of people who support me. I still call my parents every week and som ... Читать дальше »